What Is the 5 Number Summary

There are a variety of descriptive statistics. Numbers such as the mean, median, mode, skewness, kurtosis, standard deviation, first quartile and third quartile, to name a few, each tell us something about our data. Rather than looking at these descriptive statistics individually, sometimes combining them helps to give us a complete picture. With this end in mind, the five-number summary is a convenient way to combine five descriptive statistics. Which Five Numbers? It is clear that there are to be five numbers in our summary, but which five? The numbers chosen are to help us know the center of our data, as well as how spread out the data points are. With this in mind, the five-number summary consists of the following: The minimum – this is the smallest value in our data set.The first quartile – this number is denoted Q1 and 25% of our data falls below the first quartile.The median – this is the midway point of the data. 50% of all data falls below the median.The third quartile – this number is denoted Q3 and 75% of our data falls below the third quartile.The maximum – this is the largest value in our data set. The mean and standard deviation can also be used together to convey the center and the spread of a set of data. However, both of these statistics are susceptible to outliers. The median, first quartile, and third quartile are not as heavily influenced by outliers. An Example Given the following set of data, we will report the five number summary: 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 15, 15, 17, 17, 18, 20 There are a total of twenty points in the dataset. The median is thus the average of the tenth and eleventh data values or: (7 8)/2 7.5. The median of the bottom half of the data is the first quartile. The bottom half is: 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7 Thus we calculateQ1 (4 6)/2 5. The median of the top half of the original data set is the third quartile. We need to find the median of: 8, 11, 12, 15, 15, 15, 17, 17, 18, 20 Thus we calculateQ3 (15 15)/2 15. We assemble all of the above results together and report that the five number summary for the above set of data is 1, 5, 7.5, 12, 20. Graphical Representation Five number summaries can be compared to one another. We will find that two sets with the similar means and standard deviations may have very different five number summaries. To easily compare two five number summaries at a glance, we can use a boxplot, or box and whiskers graph.

The As A Sense Of Wholeness - 1177 Words

Since the dawn of mankind, comprehension of mortality has been a leading concern on the agendas of a myriad of disciplines. As temporal beings, humans are given an entire lifetime to attempt to conceptualize and rationalize the idea of death, or the moment of no longer existing in the physical realm. According to Martin Heidegger, in order to discover ‘what man is’, we must grasp the essential being (Dasein) in its wholeness (Heidegger ⠝ ¡9). Dasein’s structure must be understood primordially as always being a whole. Humans spend their existence attempting to achieve this sense of ‘wholeness’ or completeness, yet Heidegger argues later in Being and Time that reaching this state of wholeness seems to gradually become more impossible to attain. Why is this? One could argue that in order to achieve a sense of wholeness in life, one must experience death in order to complete a feeling of wholeness since with all life leads to death. But the death of Ot hers being experienced by Dasein is not a satisfactory condition to executing the wholeness that Dasein lives for, Dasein can only be whole through experience of its own death. In this paper, I plan to use the phenomenological method to analyze Dasein’s ‘Being-in-the-world’ in order to demonstrate the relationship between Dasein’s futile attempt at achieving wholeness in life and the inability to reach that wholeness through the death of other Dasein and Dasein’s own death in itself. Heidegger establishes early on in Being and TimeShow MoreRelatedThe Issues Of Wholeness And The Spectator And Means Versus Ends1590 Words   |  7 PagesI aim to address the issues of wholeness in opposition to part by part art, time in relation to the spectator and means versus ends. Firstly I will discuss the issue of wholeness. 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Describe 4 common sports injuries Free Essays

The fibula is the splint bone on the outside of the lower leg, there are two types of breaks, the first being an open fracture which means the bone has ruptured the skin. A closed fracture does not rupture the skin and also a closed fracture is often treated by fitting a removable plastic cast. Healing time should be about 12 to 16 weeks. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe 4 common sports injuries or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately in Eduardo’s case he suffered an open fracture caused by force so his bones were splintered and ragged. Surgical fixing of the leg is then needed, which involves a large nail being inserted down the bone and then fixed together with plates and screws. This method improves recovery time and reduces muscle wastage due to immobilisation. Prompt medical attention limited the damage caused to Eduardo’s fibula. During an operation his fractured fibula was held together by pins. After the operation he required a leg cast. Before the leg cast was removed he was not allowed to put any weight on the injury so had to use crutches and have regular x-rays to check the pins and fusion of the bones. After the leg cast was removed he required intense physiotherapy to recover fully, due to the extent of his injury he was not able to play football for over a year. The wearing of shin pads reduces damage unless force is applied to the side of the leg as in this case. Concussion This is a traumatic brain injury which causes confusion, reflexes, speech and sleeping patterns. Movement of the brain from a heavy blow can cause concussion or unconsciousness such as blows to the head when boxing. The symptoms could be nausea, unequal pupils, headache, drowsiness and memory loss although there are sometimes no symptoms and no awareness of having concussion. Treatment would be in hospital if there is any suspected brain damage or bleeding to the brain such as in boxing. Mild concussions can be treated with rest and pain killers to treat headaches. Recovery can take between a few days to months. After American boxer Leander Johnson died from sustained punches to the head during a boxing match anti boxing organisations called for a ban on boxing. Leander died in hospital from injuries caused to his brain. Neurological scientists estimate that15-40 per cent of ex boxers have some form of chromic brain injury mostly caused from repeated concussions. Muscle strain (hamstring) A hamstring injury is a common strain in sport, it is also known as a ‘pulled hamstring’. The hamstring muscles are located in the upper leg, there are three muscles known as semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris. Depending on severity it would be a first, second or third degree strain and is caused by overstretching the muscle causing it to tear. Treatment would be rest, ice and elevation called the RICE protocol. Symptoms are a sudden sharp pain and you would also sustain pain when stretching or contracting the muscle. The hamstring can be damaged in most sporting activities such as running, cycling and football. To prevent a hamstring injury it is essential for an athlete to warm up correctly. Age, tiredness and previous injuries all increase the risk of injury. Many footballers experience hamstring injuries such as Shay Given who was injured recently. The recovery time for such an injury varies greatly depending on the severity; it could be anything from a few days to many months. Bruising Bruising can be sustained in almost any sport; a bruise is caused by vascular leakage of red blood cells into tissue. (Bleeding beneath the skin) this causes discolouration on the surface of the skin. The bruise changes colour as it heals such as brown and yellow, some creams (which contain vitamin K) can speed up healing. Bruises would not interfere with sporting activity unless they extend to a large area such as a whole leg. They are usually painful to touch and can be swollen but usually heal very quickly. Applying cold packs or ice to area aids with healing and pain. The World champion judo fighter, Mike Swain has sustained many bruises during his career, as do many judo fighters. The bruising has never interfered with him being able to partake in a judo match. How to cite Describe 4 common sports injuries, Papers